Specific Gravity Test
Temperature Compensation Chart
The state of the battery charge is indicated by the specific gravity or weight of the battery electrolyte. Specific
gravity can be measured very quickly by means of a battery hydrometer with a thermometer for temperature
correction. Hydrometers are calibrated to measure specific gravity correctly at an electrolyte temperature of
Battery electrolyte
temperature
Minimum voltage
“under load” @ end of test
9.6 VOLTS
9.5 VOLTS
9.4 VOLTS
9.3 VOLTS
9.1 VOLTS
8.9 VOLTS
8.7 VOLTS
70∞F (21 deg C)
60∞F (16 deg C)
50∞F (10 deg C)
40∞F (4 deg C)
30∞F (-1 deg C)
20∞F (-7 deg C)
10∞F (-12 deg C)
80
80
∞F. To determine the correct specific gravity reading when the temperature of the electrolyte is other than
∞F: Add to the hydrometer reading four gravity points (0.004) for each 10∞F above 80∞F. Subtract four
gravity points (0.004) for each 10∞F Below 80∞F.
Battery Testing Chart
TEST
TEST RESULTS
CONDITION
CORRECTIVE
PROCEDURE
PERFORM LOAD
TEST
8.5 VOLTS
0∞F (-18 deg C)
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
TEST
GRAVITY BETWEEN
1.250 - 1.280
CHARGED
Schematic Symbols
@ 80
∞F
GRAVITY BELOW
1.240
DISCHARGED
RECHARGE
PERFORM LOAD
TEST
MORE THAN 50 GRAVITY
POINTS (0.050)
(A) SHORTED CELL
(B) ACID LOST
REPLACE
VARIATION BETWEEN
CELLS
(C) OLD BATTERY
Charging System Test
This is a simple test used to determine if a charging system is functioning. It will tell you if the
charging system has output, but not how much (amps) or what it is capable of.
Tool required: Digital multimeter - DC volts setting
Test instructions: Connect the positive (+) multimeter lead to the positive battery post , and the
negative (-) test lead to the negative battery post. Note the battery voltage.(Open Circuit Test)
Leave the test leads connected and start the engine and run at 2200 RPM minimum. Test
results should be:
At least 1 volt over Open Circuit test results
Open Circuit Test results
Charging System Test results
Difference
= 12.5 V
= 13.5 V
= +1.0 V
Battery Load Test
To test a batteries ability to deliver current under a load, use a battery load test. This test is
made using a battery load tester. To test the battery connect the load tester to the battery posts
and apply a current load of one-half the cold cranking amperage for 15 seconds. If the cold
cranking amperage is not known, use three times the Amp-Hr rating of the battery for 12 volt
batteries ( two times the Amp-Hr rating for 6 volt batteries). Check the minimum terminal voltage
and reference the temperature compensation chart. If the battery fails this test recharge the
battery and test again.
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