Electrical Components
Let’s look at components and the testing of the
components.
Battery
A battery is an electrochemical device that can
store electrical energy.
Caution: Gas vapor from a battery is flammable.
Keep all sparks and flames away from a battery or
an explosion can occur.
Figure 25
Battery Tests
There are two basic battery tests
Specific Gravity Test (use table 3)
TEST
TEST RESULTS
CONDITION
CORRECTIVE
PROCEDURE
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
TEST
GRAVITY BETWEEN
1.250 - 1.280
CHARGED
PERFORM
LOAD TEST
@
80ºF
The specific gravity or weight of the battery
electrolyte indicates state of the battery charge. A
battery hydrometer measures the specific gravity of
the electrolyte. Hydrometers are calibrated to
measure specific gravity correctly at an electrolyte
temperature of 80ºF. To determine the correct
specific gravity reading when the temperature of
the electrolyte is other than 80ºF: Add to the
hydrometer reading four gravity points (0.004) for
each 10ºF above 80ºF. Subtract four gravity
points (0.004) for each 10ºF below 80ºF.
GRAVITY BELOW
1.240
DISCHARGED
RECHARGE
PERFORM
LOAD TEST
MORE THAN 50 GRAVITY
(A) SHORTED CELL
(B) ACID LOST
(C) OLD BATTERY
REPLACE
POINTS (0.050)
VARIATION
BETWEEN CELLS
LOAD test
(15
seconds)
MINIMUM TERMINAL VOLTAGE**
(A) DISCHARGED
(B) OLD BATTERY
(A) RECHARGE
(B) REPLACE
**
See temperature compensation
chart Table 4
Table 3
*
Amperage load should equal one-half the cold
cranking amperage of the battery
3
X Amp-Hr rating for 12-volt batteries
Temperature Compensation Chart
Battery Load Test
Battery electrolyte
temperature
Minimum voltage
“under load” @ end of test
9.6 VOLTS
9.5 VOLTS
9.4 VOLTS
9.3 VOLTS
9.1 VOLTS
8.9 VOLTS
8.7 VOLTS
To test the battery connect the load tester to the
battery posts and apply a current load of one-half
the cold cranking amperage for 15 seconds. If the
cold cranking amperage is not known, use three
times the Amp-Hr rating of the battery for 12 volt
batteries. (Two times the Amp-Hr rating for 6 volt
batteries). Check the minimum terminal voltage
and reference the temperature compensation chart
(table 4). If the battery fails this test recharge the
battery and test again.
70º F (21 deg C)
60º F (16 deg C)
50º F (10 deg C)
40º F (4 deg C)
30º F (-1 deg C)
20º F (-7 deg C)
10º F (-12 deg C)
0º F (-18 deg C)
8.5 VOLTS
Table 4
11
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