8.
Hydraulic valves
10. Hydraulic Cylinders
Figure 10
A control valve (Fig 10) has envelopes (squares)
that represent the valve spool positions. There is a
separate envelope for each valve position and
within these envelopes there are arrows showing
the flow paths then the valve is shifted to that posi-
tion. All the port connections are drawn to the enve-
lope that shows the neutral position of the valve.
We can mentally visualize the function of the valve
in any position. A valve that has parallel lines
drawn outside of the valve envelopes shows that
this valve is capable of infinite positioning. This
valve usually operated between the positions
shown. An example of this type of valve would be a
flow priority valve or a pressure regulating valve.
Figure 12
A cylinder symbol (Fig 12) is a simple rectangle
representing the barrel. The rod and piston are rep-
resented by a tee that is inserted into the rectangle.
The symbol can be drawn in any position.
11.
Miscellaneous
9.
Actuators
Figure 13
A
B
Filters, strainers and heat exchangers (coolers) are
shown as squares that are turned 45 degrees and
have port connections at the corners. A dotted line
90 degrees to the oil flow indicates a filter or a
strainer. A solid line 90 degrees to the oil flow with
2
triangles pointing out indicates a cooler. The
symbol for a heater is like that of a cooler, except
the triangles point inward.
C
12.
Flow controls
Figure 11
The valve spools can be controlled a variety of
ways. The top picture (A) shows the symbol for a
lever control. The middle picture (B) shows the
symbol for a pedal control (foot operated). The
lower control (C) is an electric solenoid.
Figure 14
The basic flow control (Fig 14) is a representation
of a restrictor. If the restrictor is adjustable a
slanted arrow will be drawn across the symbol.
9
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