Introduction To Hydraulic Schematics
Accurate diagrams of hydraulic circuits are essen-
tial to the technician who must repair it. The dia-
gram shows how the components will interact. It
shows the technician how it works, what each com-
ponent should be doing and where the oil should be
going, so that he can diagnose and repair the sys-
tem.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
There are two types of circuit diagrams.
A: Cutaway Circuit Diagrams show the internal
construction of the components as well as the oil
Figure 2
flow paths. By using colors, shades or various pat-
terns in the lines and passages, they are able to
show many different conditions of pressure and
flow (Fig 1).
1
. Schematic symbol systems
A: I.S.O = International Standards Organization.
B: A.N.S.I. = American National Standards Institute
C: A.S.A = American Standards Association
D: J.I.C. = Joint Industry Conference
A combination of these symbols are shown in this
manual. There are difference between the systems
but there is enough similarity so that if you under-
stand the symbols in this manual you will be able to
interpret other symbols as well.
2.
Hydraulic reservoirs
A
B
C
Figure 1
Figure 3
B:
Schematic Circuit Diagrams are usually
Reservoirs (Fig 3) are pictured as either an open
square meaning it is a vented reservoir, or a closed
reservoir meaning that it is a pressurized reservoir.
Every system reservoir has at least two lines con-
nected to it, and some have many more. Often the
components that are connected to it are spread all
over the schematic. Rather than having a lot of
confusing lines all over the schematic, it is custom-
ary to draw individual reservoir symbols close to
the component. Similar to the ground symbol in
some wiring schematics. The reservoir is usually
the only component to be pictured more than once.
preferred for troubleshooting because of their ability
to show current and potential system functions. A
schematic diagram is made up of consistent
geometric symbols for the components and their
controls and connections (Fig 2).
7
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